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Choosing moncler online men security over liberty since 1798 soil again. Reactions from commentators have ranged from furious outrage to to outright dismissal of the programs implications. Those in the latter camp have begun to rail against former Booz Allen Hamilton contractor Edward Snowden for his release of the National Security Agency documents that have sparked a furious debate over the balance between privacy and security in the digital age; meanwhile, seahawks jerseys opponents have dismissed him as an unhinged narcissist or a sociopathic nerd. Whether his actions are moral or justifiable is up for debate, but Snowden himself made his motivations clear in his email correspondence with Washington Post reporter Barton Gellman. In his view, America s security state has simply become too large and intrusive Moncler down Jackets Men no hat coffee in the face of the relatively minor threat of terrorism. "We managed to survive greater threats in our history. than a few disorganized terrorist groups and rogue states without resorting to these sorts of programs," he told Gellman. It s a fascinating quote. history. Precisely when, exactly, was the period that he refers to, when a threat greater than those we face today was bravely met without any serious infringements on liberty? Was there ever such a period? Moving backward through history, we can first quickly dispense with the last 12 years. Following 9/11, President George W. Bush s administration enacted policies that will likely become synonymous with executive overreach, the policies many of President Barack Obama s supporters are now disappointed he didn t do more Moncler shiny thomas Men down jackets yellow to rein in. These included the National Security Agency s program of illegally wiretapping American citizens without a warrant, first revealed in 2005, which set the stage for today s concerns about whether the agency is in the habit of using its vast infrastructure to find and store every crumb of data about millions of people in the country. Muslim Americans also saw themselves the frequent victims of assaults on their civil liberties, finding themselves on the receiving end of enhanced scrutiny and frequent harassment from law enforcement. It s equally doubtful that Snowden was thinking of the 1960s and 1970s when he spoke to Gellman. Befitting a period of social change and upheaval, many of the threats the government sought to counter during this period were internal in nature. security moncler Men Book purplish red hoodies Spring Autumn agencies, both domestic and foreign, held more power than they ever have at any point, as Congress routinely ignored its oversight responsibilities. The work of the Federal Bureau of Investigation is best remembered for the harassment of civilians taking part in the civil rights movement or other activities deemed subversive. Even as lauded a peace advocate as the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. found himself the target of FBI snooping, as agents gathered dirt to potentially discredit him and his movement. The FBI s Counterintelligence Program better known as COINTELPRO reached into the lives of people across the ideological spectrum, from the Black Panthers to the Ku Klux Klan, all in the name of protecting security. It took Congress finally stepping in after Watergate to bring the FBI and other agencies to heel. In the course of the Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, better known as the Church Committee, a vast network of actions hidden from the public was exposed, ranging from the reading of Americans mail to crackdowns on Vietnam protesters to Projects SHAMROCK and MINARET. Under SHAMROCK, all telegraphs to and from the United States were captured as signals intelligence, regardless of their origin or destination. At the program s peak, 15,000 telegrams a month were intercepted. citizens to other intelligence and law enforcement agencies for follow up. MINARET operated from 1969 until 1973, while SHAMROCK was allowed to continue from 1945 all the way until 1975 when NSA Director Lew Allen finally shuttered it. (The concept of "metadata" was still a few decades away.) The committee s findings led to a series of reforms, including the passage of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, which instituted the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) to provide much stricter oversight of the executive branch s actions. Back in the 1950s, the United States faced a true existential threat in the form of the Soviet Union, and nuclear war seemed a very real possibility. In this climate, the federal government used every tool at its disposal to root out potential subversives often bending or just outright shattering constitutional principles in the process. Joseph McCarthy s infamous allegations of communists throughout the government. The committees investigations led to massive infringement on the rights of freedom of speech and freedom of association. Going back another leap takes us to World War II, before Snowden s parents were even born. During the war years, the United States massively infringed on Americans right to privacy in ways at least as great as we see today. In the days after Pearl Harbor, the Office of Censorship was set up under the First War Powers Act, granting its director "absolute discretion" in censoring internal communications. Postal Service subject to opening, inspection, and follow up investigation. The program worked closely with the Office of Strategic Services, later to become the CIA, and was deemed necessary to prevent messages between espionage agents planted within the country from going unnoticed. The end of the war saw the creation of the NSA, the new iteration of the wartime Armed Forces Security Agency, and the institution of Projects SHAMROCK and MINARET. And in perhaps one of the most repugnant instances of violating liberty for security, thousands of Japanese Americans were rounded up and placed Moncler down Vest Women black button hat into internment camps on the West Coast for the duration of the war. No charges were brought against the families moved to these camps; their relatives country of origin was evidence enough. activities during World War I, which saw President Woodrow Wilson and Congress come together to pass the Espionage Act of 1917 making it a crime to interfere with military operations and the Sedition Act of 1918, which expanded the former to criminalize any speech that cast the government or the war in a negative light and which allowed the postmaster general to refuse to deliver any mail that he personally felt would inhibit the war. (If the government prosecutes Snowden for his actions, it would likely be under the Espionage Act.) The Civil War was no triumph of liberty over security either. In fact, it saw the beginning of the modern executive consolidation moncler varsity jacket of power with regard to national security. citizens. Lincoln also tasked his postmaster general (then a cabinet position), Montgomery Blair, with examining mail in order to root out Confederate sympathizers. As in world wars I and II, all post was considered a legitimate target for intelligence gathering activities. Even the Founding Fathers, the supposed exemplars to which Americans set their gaze in times of trouble, failed on this issue. President John Adams signed into law the Sedition Act of 1798 in the face of the "Quasi War" against France. government set aside the First Amendment it had so recently penned and restricted the ability of its citizens to publish documents or give speeches seen as anti government all in the name of protecting the country from a threat that never materialized and that few Americans now remember. Indeed, the truth Moncler goose jackets Men adour Belt Collar deep green is that we and Snowden do not live in an anomalous time. government suppressing or outright violating the rights of its people in the name of furthering national security. In each case, and at each point in history, we see evidence that goes against the idea of a utopian past in which freedoms and liberty went unimpeded while Americans remained safe and protected within its borders. This isn t at all to say that the NSA or the Obama administration should get a free pass on allowing these surveillance programs to grow and flourish under their watch. Nor is it meant to make light of the fact that the government now has the ability to copy and store the billions upon billions of pieces of information it intercepts indefinitely in databases for future use, something previous administrations could only dream of. Not nearly enough debate has gone on in the harsh light moncler clairy of day over just what freedoms we are willing to exchange in the name of security. But in conducting that debate, we would do well not to delude ourselves into falsely remembering a time when the United States was innocent of breaking the trust of its people in the name of protecting them. That time never existed

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